The Role of Social Determinants in Cardiac Health Disparities Among Athletes

A comprehensive review published in The Lancet by Emory sports cardiologist Jonathan Kim, MD, reveals stark racial disparities in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) rates among athletes.

The analysis found that Black athletes are approximately five times more likely to experience SCA or SCD than their white counterparts, despite an overall decline in these incidents.

Dr. Kim emphasized that these findings underscore the urgent need for further research into social determinants of health, an area that remains underexplored in young athletes.

"To truly address these disparities, it's not enough to just screen for potential problems. There needs to be an understanding of how to tackle the underlying social determinants of health that put these athletes at greater risk."

The review, which analyzed data spanning 30 years from various institutions, also highlighted racial disparities in athlete electrocardiography (ECG) screenings. These screenings, a standard practice for competitive athletes, often yield more false positives in Black athletes. For those with limited access to follow-up care, this can lead to undue stress and unresolved health questions.

Social determinants of health—including economic stability, access to healthcare, and exposure to discrimination—play a significant role in these disparities.

Kim noted that incorporating these factors into future research could better address the root causes.

"We need to look for potential underlying health conditions. We also need to consider all the environmental stressors that young individuals have to deal with and where they grow up."

Dr. Kim stressed the importance of pre-participation evaluations (PPE) in managing SCA risks. Effective PPE requires comprehensive planning and adequate resources, particularly if ECG abnormalities are detected.

"Just five to 10 years ago, I doubt many were thinking about social determinants of health and impacts on young athletes. Asking these critical questions is a major step in the right direction."

This pivotal research calls for both continued exploration and actionable solutions to protect athletes from preventable health risks. Check out the full story here!