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A recent literature review published in Sports Health by the University of Wisconsin highlights a growing concern: the increased use of cannabis among adolescent and young adult athletes.
The review, encompassing various studies, sheds light on the complex relationship between cannabis use and its effects on athletic performance, physical health, and mental well-being.
Rising Cannabis Use Among Athletes
The review notes a significant uptick in cannabis use, particularly in states where it's been legalized. This trend has led to a perception among adolescents that marijuana is safe or even beneficial.
However, the research contradicts this assumption, especially for athletes.
Approximately 1 in 4 high school and college athletes have used cannabis in the last year, with Division I and II collegiate athletes showing lower usage rates compared to Division III, possibly due to the fear of scholarship loss.
Effects on Athletic Performance
Contrary to popular belief, cannabis does not enhance athletic performance.
Studies have shown no chemical evidence that cannabis decreases pain; in fact, some studies indicate it might reduce strength.
Chronic users also demonstrated poorer memory and psychomotor speed, even after a period of abstinence.
Health Risks
The health risks associated with cannabis use are substantial. The review points to the potential for acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) in athletes, as evidenced by case reports.
Chronic, heavy use has been linked to cannabis-induced thrombus rupture, a serious condition that can lead to acute coronary syndrome.
Another physical ailment associated with cannabis is cannabinoid hyperemesis, characterized by severe vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. If untreated, it can lead to dehydration and rhabdomyolysis.
Mental Health Concerns
One of the most alarming findings is the impact of cannabis on mental health. Studies cited in the review found higher rates of suicide ideation and attempts among high school students who used cannabis.
A separate study in Ireland linked marijuana use with anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. The increasing concentration of THC in cannabis products raises further concerns about cannabis-induced psychosis and schizophrenia.
Recommendations and Conclusions
The review's authors strongly advise against the use of cannabis to improve athletic performance. Current evidence suggests that marijuana may worsen athletic performance, and the impact of CBD supplementation requires further study.
Additionally, cannabis use is associated with significant negative mental health outcomes and severe cardiovascular and gastrointestinal illnesses.
The review underscores the need for a deeper understanding and awareness among clinicians, athletes, and the general public about the implications of cannabis use, especially in the context of athletic performance and overall health.
